CCNA 2 Labskill 6.1.5

Lab 6.1.5 Configure and Verify RIP

Step 1: Build the network and configure the routers

Step 2: Check the routing table entries

a.       View the IP routing table for R1 using the show ip route command:

b.      What is the significance of the “C” to the left of the 172.16.0.0 and 172.17.0.0 network entries in the routing table?  Pada IP 172.16.0.0 menggunakan interface type DCE sedangkan pada IP 172.17.0.0 menggunakan interface type DTE.

Step 3: Configure the routing protocol of the routers

Step 4: Configure the hosts with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway

a.       Configure the host attached to R1 with an IP address, subnet mask and default gateway that is compatible with the IP address of the Fast Ethernet interface (172.16.0.0).

b.       Configure the host attached to R2 with an IP address, subnet mask and default gateway that is compatible with the IP address of the Fast Ethernet interface (172.18.0.0).

c.        Verify that the internetwork is functioning by pinging the Fast Ethernet interface of the other router.

d.       From the host attached to R1, is it possible to ping the R2 router Fast Ethernet interface? Ya mungkin  karena sudah menggunakan gateway yang akan menghubungkan dua buah jaringan yang berbeda.

e.        From the host attached to R2, is it possible to ping the R1 router Fast Ethernet interface? Ya mungkin  karena sudah menggunakan gateway yang akan menghubungkan dua buah jaringan yang berbeda.

f.        If the answer is no for either question, troubleshoot the router configurations to find the error. Then do the pings again until the answer to both questions is yes. Be sure to check physical cabling for problems and bad connections and make sure that you are using the correct cable types.

Step 5: Show the routing tables for each router

a.        In enable or privileged EXEC mode, examine the routing table entries using the show ip route command on router R1.

b.       What are the entries in the R1 routing table? R1 terkoneksi pada jaringan 172.17.0.0/16 dan 172.16.0.0/16

c.        What is the significance of the “R” to the left of the 172.18.0.0 network entry in the routing table? 172.18.0.0 terhubung ke jaringan melalui 172.17.0.2

d.       What does “via 172.17.0.2” mean for this network route? Router mempelajari melalui RIP dengan device 172.17.0.2

e.        What does “Serial0/0” mean for this network route? Serial interfacenya atau port/slot

f.        Examine the routing table entries using the show ip route command on router R1.

g.        What are the entries in the R2 routing table? 172.16.0.0/16

Step 6: Use debug to observe RIP communications

a.       On router R1, enter the debug ip rip command from privileged EXEC mode. Examine the exchange of routes between the two routers. The output should look similar to that shown here.

b.       Enter the command undebug all to stop all debugging activity

c.        What interface does router R1 send and receive updates through? R1 mengirim ke alamat 224.0.0.9 dan R1 menerima dari 172.17.0.2

d.       Why does the route to 172.17.0.0 have metric of 1 and the route to 172.18.0.0 have a metric of 2? Karena pada ruter ke 172.17.0.0 memiliki satu lompatan atau terkoneksi langsung sehingga disebut 1 metric sedangkan 172.18.0.0 memiliki dua lompatan karena tidak terkoneksi secara langsung melainkan melalui router lain.

e.        Log off by typing exit and turn off the router.

Step 7: Reflection

a.       What do you think would happen to the routing table on router R1 if the Ethernet network on router R2 went down? Koneksi antara R1 dan R2 akan terputus

b.      What do you think would happen if router R1 was configured to run RIPv1, and R2 was configured to run RIPv2? Maka router dapat berkomunikasi dengan router lain sehingga dapat menetukan jalan yng terbaik dalam pengiriman paket data  tanpa memperhatikan subnet, konfigurasi ini di butuh kan untuk proses routing untuk menentukan interface mana yang akan mengirim data atau menerima.

CCNA 2 Labskill 6.1.2

Lab 6.1.2 Creating a Network Diagram From Routing Tables

Step 1:Examine the routing table entries for the router R1

a.       Examine show ip route output from router R1 shown below

b.      How many networks does router R1 know about? Lima networks

c.       How many networks are directly connected to this router? Tiga networks

d.      How many networks have been learned from another router? Dua network

e.       Using the codes at the beginning of the show ip route output what does the ‘R’ mean? R adalah router

f.       In the routers learned via RIP to which device does the ip address 172.17.0.2 belong? Ya ada

a.       In the routers learned via RIP to which device is serial 0/0 referring and what does it mean? 0/0 adalah interfacenya yaitu menampilkan informasi khusus hardware interface. Perintah ini harus di-set termasuk nomor port/slot dari interface serial.

Step 2: Examine the routing table entries for the router R2

b.      Examine show ip route output from router R2 shown below

c.       How many networks does router R2 know about? Lima networks

d.      How many networks are directly connected to this router? Tiga networks

e.       How many networks have been learned from another router? Dua networks

f.       Using the codes at the beginning of the show ip route output what does the ‘R’ mean? R adalah router

g.      In the routers learned via RIP to which device does the ip address 172.17.0.2 belong? Ya ada

h.      In the routers learned via RIP to which device is serial 0/0 referring and what does it mean? Serial 0/0 adalah interface –nya yaitu menampilkan informasi khusus hardware interface. Perintah ini harus di-set termasuk nomor port/slot dari interface serial.

Step 3: document router interfaces and IP addresses

a.       Based on the shown ip router output from R1 and R2

Device	interface	IP Address	Subnet mask (dotted decimal and/xx)
R1	0/0	172.17.0.0	255.255.0.0/16
R1	0/0	192.168.1.0	255.255.255.0/24
R1	0/1	192.168.2.0	255.255.255.0/24
R2	0/0	172.17.0.0	255.255.0.0/16
R2	0/0	192.168.3.0	255.255.255.0/24
R2		192.168.4.0	255.255.255.0/24

b.      In this example can the exact IP address of all router interface be determined by looking at the routing tables? Ya bisa

c.       Which router interface IP address can be determined from the routing tables? Interface 0/0 dan 0/1

Step 4: create a network topology diagram

Step 5: reflection

a.       What do you think would happen to the entries in the routing table on R1 if one of the enthernet networks on R2 was disconnected? Maka pemrosesan sinyal untuk data jaringan computer akan terputus atau tidak akan terjadi.

b.      What do you think would happen to the entries in the routing tables on R1 and R2 if the serial interface on R2 was shut down?

CCNA 2 Labskill 4.2.4

Lab 4.2.4 Determining PAT Translations

1. Klien pada jaringan pribadi mengirimkan permintaan ke server web di Internet publik.\
2. NAT router menerjemahkan alamat sumber dan meneruskan permintaan ke web server
3. web server merespon ke alamat klien diterjemahkan
4. Router NAT menerjemahkan alamat klien (tujuan) kembali ke alamat pribadi asli

Tujuan

• Menjelaskan koneksi jaringan yang aktif terbuka pada komputer saat melihat halaman web tertentu.
• Menentukan apa alamat IP internal dan nomor port dijabarkan ke menggunakan alamat port translation (PAT).

Latar Belakang / Persiapan

Alamat port translation (PAT) adalah bentuk network address translation (NAT). Dengan PAT, router menerjemahkan beberapa internal (biasanya swasta) alamat ke alamat IP tunggal umum pada antarmuka yang tersambung ke Internet. nomor Port yang digunakan, dalam kombinasi dengan alamat IP, untuk melacak individu koneksi. Pada lab ini, Anda menggunakan perintah ipconfig dan netstat untuk melihat port yang terbuka pada komputer. Anda akan dapat melihat alamat IP awal dan kombinasi pelabuhan, dan menentukan diterjemahkan kombinasi alamat IP dan port. Sumber berikut diperlukan:

• Komputer menjalankan Windows XP Professional
• Koneksi ke router gateway atau ISR yang menggunakan PAT
• Koneksi internet
• Akses ke prompt perintah PC.

Langkah 1: Tentukan alamat IP komputer

1. Buka jendela Command Prompt dengan mengklik Start> Run dan ketik cmd. Atau, Anda mungkinmklik Start> All Program> Accessories> Command Prompt. Pada tipe, prompt ipconfig perintah untuk menampilkan alamat IP dari komputer.
2. Apa alamat IP dari komputer? Apakah ada nomor port yang ditampilkan, dan mengapa atau mengapa tidak?  Jawaban: Alamat IP seperti yang ditunjukkan untuk adapter aktif pada komputer Tidak ada nomor port akan ditampilkan, karena nomor port berhubungan dengan koneksi aktif antara proses pada beberapa perangkat.

Langkah 2: Tentukan alamat IP dari router gateway atau ISR

Periksa dengan instruktur Anda untuk mendapatkan alamat IP untuk gateway NAT ISR router.

Internal Ethernet Alamat:

Eksternal alamat Internet:

Langkah 3: Hasil baseline Tampilan netstat

1. Pada command prompt, ketik perintah netstat-n.
2. Apa jenis informasi yang tidak kembali perintah netstat-n? Jawaban: Aktif informasi Koneksi ditampilkan: Protokol, Lokal Alamat, Alamat Asing, Negara. IP alamat dan nomor port akan ditampilkan.
3. Mana alamat IP yang ditemukan pada Langkah 1 muncul? Apakah ada nomor port yang terkait dengan itu? Mengapa atau mengapa tidak? Jawaban: Perintah netstat menunjukkan alamat IP lokal pada kolom Alamat Lokal. Port number mungkin atau mungkin tidak akan ditampilkan tergantung pada koneksi aktif saat ini. Catatan: Jika komputer telah diam selama beberapa saat dan tidak ada koneksi jaringan baru-baru ini dilakukan, mungkin tidak menunjukkan entri atau hanya menampilkan alamat loopback dan nomor port di Lokal dan Asing Kolom alamat (misalnya 127.0.0.1:1039)

Langkah 4: Tampilkan koneksi jaringan aktif

1. Ping alamat www.cisco.com dan mencatat.
2. Buka web browser dan masukkan www.cisco.com di address bar.
3. Kembali ke jendela Command Prompt. Ketik perintah netstat-n lagi, dan kemudian ketik
   perintah tanpa opsi-n. Outputnya terlihat mirip dengan gambar berikut, tergantung pada apa aplikasi jaringan lainnya dan sambungan terbuka ketika anda mengeluarkan perintah.
4. Apa perbedaan di antara output netstat dan perintah netstat-n?
   Jawaban: Tanpa n-opsi, alamat IP yang memutuskan untuk host nama, dan nomor protokol yang dikonversi ke nama protokol.
5. Tulis entri koneksi untuk alamat IP klien dan alamat IP dari www.cisco.com yang
   web server. alamat IP lokal klien dan nomor port: Luar Negeri Alamat IP dan nomor port:
6. Apakah entri netstat ada lebih kedua kalinya? Jawaban: Mungkin ya

Langkah 5: Tentukan diterjemahkan alamat

Gunakan informasi yang dicatat dalam langkah 2 dan 4 dan diagram topologi yang ditampilkan pada awal lab untuk mengisi Alamat: kolom Port.

Langkah 6: Refleksi

1. Alamat port translation (PAT) juga disebut dengan NAT overload. Apakah yang “overload” Istilah lihat untuk? Jawaban: Menggunakan satu “kelebihan beban” alamat eksternal untuk menerjemahkan untuk alamat internal beberapa.
2. NAT terminologi yang digunakan dalam laboratorium mencakup empat jenis alamat: di-lokal, di dalam-global, luar-lokal, dan luar-global. Dalam banyak hubungan yang melalui router NAT, dua dari alamat sering sama. Yang dua dari empat alamat biasanya tetap tidak berubah, dan mengapa Anda berpikir bahwa ini terjadi?
   Jawaban: Luar lokal dan luar global, karena alamat IP di luar atau tujuan harus tetap
   yang sama untuk host internal untuk dapat mencapai host yang lain di Internet.

CCNA 2 Labskill 4.1.5

Instructor version

Objective

• • Create an IP addressing plan for a small network.

Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will play the role of an onsite installation and support technician from an ISP. A customer has called the ISP complaining of e-mail problems and occasional poor Internet performance. On The ISP is preparing a design for a network upgrade. The interim topology diagram for the proposed network is shown below.
There is still a requirement for an IP addressing plan. One of the ISP network designers has made some
notes on a simplified sketch of the proposed network, and has written some requirements. The designer asks you to create an IP address plan for the network upgrade.

Step 1: Analyze the network

1. perhitungkanlah berapa minimal subnet host yang dibutuhkan:

1. 30 hosts
2. 5 bits

1. S ubnet terbesar harus dapat mendukung host yaitu 3 subnets
2. Ya

Step 2: Calculate the custom subnet mask
Langkah 2: Hitung subnet mask custom
Sekarang jumlah bit subnet ID diketahui, subnet mask dapat dihitung. Sebuah jaringan kelas C memiliki
default subnet mask dari 24 bit, atau 255.255.255.0. Apa yang akan subnet mask custom bisa?
Subnet mask kustom untuk jaringan ini akan menjadi  255.255.255.224 atau / 27

Step 3: Specify the host IP addresses
Langkah 3: Tentukan alamat IP host
Sekarang subnet mask diidentifikasi, skema pengalamatan jaringan dapat dibuat. Pengalamatan
skema termasuk nomor subnet, alamat broadcast subnet, dan kisaran alamat IP
dialihkan ke host.

1. Lengkapi tabel yang menunjukkan semua subnet yang mungkin untuk jaringan 192.168.1.0.

Step 4 Consider other subnetting options
Bagaimana jika ada lebih dari 30 host yang harus didukung pada porsi baik kabel atau nirkabel
jaringan. Anda bisa meminjam lebih sedikit bit, yang akan membuat subnet yang lebih sedikit, namun masing-masing akan mendukung besar jumlah host per subnet.

1. Berapa banyak bit akan dipinjam untuk membuat empat subnet? Jawaban 2 bit (2 ^ 2 = 4 subnet)
2. Berapa banyak bit akan ditinggalkan untuk host pada subnet masing-masing? Jawanban 6 bit
3. Berapa jumlah maksimum host setiap subnet dapat mendukung? 2 ^ 6 = 64-2 = 62
4. Apa yang akan subnet mask dalam desimal bertitik dan nomor slash (/ #) format?
   Pinjaman 2 bit akan membuat 255.255.255.192 atau / 26 subnet mask.
5. Jika Anda mulai dengan jaringan 192.168.1.0 yang sama seperti sebelumnya dan subnet ke empat subnet, apa yang akan nomor subjaringan? 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.64, 192.168.1.128, 192.168.1.192

Step 5: Reflection

1. Apakah subnetting membantu mengurangi masalah deplesi alamat IP? Jelaskan jawaban Anda. jawaban: Ya. Subnetting mengizinkan kita untuk menggunakan satu alamat kelas C untuk mendukung berbagai jaringan.
2. Rough Desain Diagram Catatan mencatat bahwa subnet nirkabel akan memiliki hingga 30 PC
   menghubungkan. Dalam berpasangan atau dalam kelompok kecil, berdiskusi maupun tidak yang menciptakan situasi di mana IP alamat mungkin akan sia-sia. Apakah itu penting, dan mengapa atau mengapa tidak?
3. Ada metode alternatif dari subnetting dengan CIDR dan VLSM. Apakah VLSM menjadi berharga pilihan untuk subnetting jaringan ini? Diskusikan dalam kelompok kecil

CCNA 2 Labskill 3.2.4

Lab 3.2.4.2 Evaluating a Cabling Upgrade  Plan
Objectives
•  Examine the existing floor plan of a customer.
•  Propose a cable upgrade plan to accommodate extra floor space.
Background / Preparation
A medium sized company has existing space on the second floor of an office tower and has  just acquired the rest of the second floor. They have  asked you to examine their existing floor plan and assist the the placement of a new IDF, placement of cables to support all of the new office space, and to help determine  if any new devices are required. This lab can be done individually or in groups. The following resources are required:
•  Existing Floor Plan (provided)
Step 1: Examine the existing floor plan
a .  From the information provided on the existing floor plan, label the following items:
1) POP –Point of Presence
2) MDF – Main Distribution Facility
3  IDF – Intermediate Distribution Facility
4) vertical/Backbone Cabling
5 )Horizontal Cabling
b . What type of cabling could be used for the vertical/back bone cabling? Explain your answer
Jawab:
Kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable, alasannya karena jaringan yang akan dibangun terletak pada lantai dua dan jika dianalogikan posisi masing masing device kerja atau bagian kerja akan bersimpangan. Oleh karena itu kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable dangan sambungan vertical patch panel.
Step 2 :Evaluate plan for new floor space.
Any Company  has just  merged  with a small web design group and has acquired the remaining space on the second floor  to accommodate the web design team .  This  new space is represented on the diagram as the floor  space highlighted on the right side of the floor  plan.  It has been decided to add a second IDF to  support the work stations in the new area.

1. Suggest a possible  location for the new IDF . What room / location did you choose and explain why you think it is suitable?

Jawab:
Ruangan / lokasi yang cocok untuk memasang IDF baru ialah pada telecommunication room . karena IDF sebagai fasilitas pendistribusi merupakan perangkat yang harus tersusun dengan perangkat server.
b . What type of cable would you suggest for the vertical cabling required to connect the new IDF to the existing MDF? Explain your reasons
Jawab:
Jenis cable yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan IDF dan MDF adalah Horizontal Cabling, alasannya IDF dan MDF dihubungkan untuk langsung terkoneksi ke area kerja (work area) sehingga harus menggunakan cabel horizontal.
c. The new space contains mostly offices.  Assume that each office will be provisioned with 2 data drops. Also plan for 2 drops  in the auditorium to support Internet access for presentations and training sessions. How many additional data drops need to be ordered?
Jawab:
Dibutuhkan dua data drops lagi.
d . You have been asked to determine the number of  new 24 port switches required for the new IDF. Remember to plan on approximately 25% growth. How many new switches will Company ABC need to purchase?
Jawa:
Banyaknya switch yang dibutuhkan dengan perkembangan perusahaan yang dianalisa 25% adalah 60 buah switch dengan perhitungan. Masing – masing lantai terdiri dari 24 switch dan perlutambahan untuk perkembangan sebanyak 6 buah  = 24 x 2 = 48
+ 12 = 60 buah switch
e . How many horizontal cables will terminate on patch panels in the new IDF?
Jawaban = sebanyak 32  buah kabel horizontal, termasuk pada telecommunications room.
Step3: Examine the floor space and wiring plan.
a .  What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the new IDF?
Jawab:
Horizontal cable, switch,hub
b .  What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the MDF?
Jawab:
Vertical cable,router.
c    Using existing cable runs, could you use UTP to connect the devices  in room 2.20 or 2 .30 directly into a switch in the MDF?
Jawab:
Ya, bisa dapat langsung digunakan.
Step 4 . Reflection
a .  Is  it better to have an IDF in this floor space or should the company run the horizontal cables for each device directly back to the existing MDF?
Jawab:
Lebih baik menggukan IDF dengan koneksi kabel horizontal untuk terhubung sebagai mediator untuk distribusi.
b. How many cables will be required from the MDF to the IDF to support the switches? Explain your answer
jawab:
3 buah kabel, alasannya setelah terkoneksi dengan router, dibutuhkan 3 lagi alat berupa repeater. Maka agar alat itu bisa digunakan dibutuhkan 3 lagi kabel horizontal.

CCNA 2 Labskill 1.2.3

Lab 1.2.3 Mapping ISP Connectivity Using Traceroute

Objectives

•Run the Windows tracert utility from a local host computer to a website on a different continent.

• Interpret the traceroute output to determine which ISPs the packets passed through on their way from the local host to the destination website.

• Draw a diagram of the traceroute path, showing the routers and ISP clouds passed through from the local host to the destination website, including IP addresses for each device.

Background / Preparation

In this activity, you will use the Windows tracert utility to map Internet connectivity between your local ISP and the other ISPs that it uses to provide global Internet access. You will also map connectivity to the following major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). However, your instructor may choose different destination websites. 

•  AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre) – Africa Region

•  APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) – Asia/Pacific Region

•  ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) – North America Region

•  LACNIC (Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) – Latin America and some Caribbean Islands

•  RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens) – Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia

This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams. It can be done as an in-class activity or as a homework assignment, depending on whether the classroom computers have access to the Internet.  The following resources are required:

•  Host computer with the Windows operating system

•  Access to the command prompt

• Internet connection

•  Routes Traced worksheet for each destination URL. The worksheet is attached to this lab. Each student completes their own worksheets and gives them to the instructor.

•  Global Connectivity Map, which is attached at the end of this lab

•  Access to the PC command prompt

Step 1: Run the tracert utility from a host computer

a. Verify that the host computer has a connection to the Internet.

b. Open a Command Prompt window by clicking Start > Run and typing cmd. Alternatively, you may click Start > All programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.

c.  At the prompt, type tracert and your first destination website. The output should look similar to the following:

d. Save the tracert output in a text file as follows:

1)  Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window and choose Edit > Select All.

2)  Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window again and choose Edit > Copy.

3) Open the Windows Notepad program: Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad.

4)  To paste the output into Notepad, choose Edit > Paste.

5) Choose File > Save As and save the Notepad file to your desktop as tracert1.txt.

e. Run tracert for each destination website and save the output in sequentially numbered files.

f. Run tracert from a different computer network, for example, from the public library or from a friend’s computer that accesses the Internet using a different ISP (for instance, cable instead of DSL). Save a copy of that output in Notepad and print it out for later reference.

Step 2: Interpret tracert outputs to determine ISP connectivity

Routes traced may go through many hops and a number of different ISPs depending on the size of your ISP and the location of the source and destination hosts. In the example output shown below, the tracert packets travel from the source PC to the local router default gateway to the ISPs Point of Presence (POP) router and then to an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). From there they pass through two Tier 2 ISP routers and then though several Tier 1 ISP routers as they move across the Internet backbone. When they leave the Tier 1 ISPs backbone, they move through another Tier 2 ISP on the way to the destination server at

www.ripe.net.

a.  Open the first traceroute output file and answer the following questions.

1)  What is the IP address of your local POP router?

Jawab:

Ip address dari local POP Router adalah 192.168.190.5

2)  How many hops did the traceroute packet take on its journey from the host computer to the

destination?

Jawab:

Pengambilan paket data selama proses pada tracert ada sebanyak 16 kali

3)  How many different ISPs did the traceroute packet pass through on its journey from the host

computer to the destination?

Jawab:

Jumlah tracert melewati isp yang berbeda untuk sampai ketujuan ada sebanyak 5 kali adapun alamat alamat tujuan

1. if-1-0-0-1980.mcore3.laa-losangeles.as6453.net [66.110.59.18]
2. ix-10-0-0-0.tcore1.lvw-losangeles.as6453.net [216.6.84.49]
3. if-10-0.core3.nto-newyork.as6453.net [216.6.57.66]
4. if-7-0-0.core2.ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net [80.231.81.45]
5. if-4-0.mcore3.njy-newark.as6453.net [216.6.84.2]

4)  List the IP addresses and URLs of all the devices in the traceroute output in the order that they appear on the Routes Traced worksheet.

5)  In the Network Owner column of the worksheet, identify which ISP owns each router. If the router belongs to your LAN, write “LAN”. The last two parts of the URL indicates the ISP name. For example, a router that has “sprint.net” in its URL belongs to the network of an ISP called Sprint.

6)  Did the traceroute pass through an unidentified router between two ISPs? This might be an IXP. Run the whois command utility or whois function of a visual traceroute program to identify ownership of that router. Alternatively, go to http://www.arin.net/whois to determine to whom the IP is assigned.

b.  Complete the worksheet using the traceroute output file for each of the other destination URLs.

c.  Compare your results from the different traceroute output files. Did your ISP connect to different ISPs to reach different destinations?

Jawab:

Ya, pada kasus melakukan tracert ke http://whois.arin.net/ui isp nya masing masing protocol yang berbeda salaing terkoneksi untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu hit-nxdomain.opends.com [67.215.65.132]

Dan adapun ISP yang berbeda untuk saling terkoneksi adalah

1. xe-1-0-0.r21.newthk02.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.206]
2. p64-4-1-1.r21.tokyjp01.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.1]
3. as-0.r21.Isanca03.us.bb.gin.ntt.net [192.250.6.4]

d.  If you ran a traceroute from a different computer network, check the output for that traceroute file as well. Was the number of hops different to reach the same destination from different local ISPs? Which ISP was able to reach the destination in fewer hops?

Jawab:

Jumlah HOP untuk mencapai destination pada sebuah alamat tracert yang dituju akan tetap sama. Meskipun telah dilakukan beberapa kali test tracert akan memunculkan jumlah list hop yang sama. Maka ISP yang membutuhkan sedikit hop untuk mencapai tujuannya adalah ISP B (cable service provider)

Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP

a.  For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows:

1)  Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.

2)  Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”.

3)  Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.

4)  Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”.

b.  Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes.

Worksheet for Routes Traced

Destination URL: www.ripe.net [193.0.6.139]          Total Number of Hops: 16

Router IP Address	Router URL(if any)	Network Owner(LAN, Name of ISP or IXP)
192.168.190.5		ns4.unp.ac.id
192.168.37.9	58.26.87.109	tm.net.my
66.110.59.18		losangeles.as6453.net
216.6.84.49		losangeles.as6453.net
216.6.84.2		njy-newark.as6453.net
216.6.57.66		nto-newyork.as6453.net
80.231.81.45		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
80.231.81.18		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
195.219.150.70		ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net
195.69.144.68		gw.amsix.nikrtr.ripe.net
193.0.6.139		www.ripe.net

CCNA 1 labskill 9.2.7

Lab 9.2.7 Troubleshooting Using Network Utilities

Objectives

• Use network utilities and the integrated router GUI to determine device configurations.
• Select the appropriate network utilities to help troubleshoot connectivity problems.
• Diagnose accessibility problems with Web, FTP, Telnet, and DNS servers.
• Identify and correct physical problems related to cable types and connections.

Background / Preparation

In this lab, you use the browser and various troubleshooting utilities, such as ipconfig, ping, tracert, netstat,and nslookup to diagnose and correct connectivity problems. These command line interface (CLI) utilities are available on most current operating systems, although the exact command and syntax may vary. Windows XP commands and syntax are used in this lab.

Your instructor will set up the network topology similar to the one shown here and will preconfigure the client computer, integrated router, server, and external router for each scenario in the lab. Various software and hardware connectivity problems will be introduced, and you will diagnose the cause from the client computer. This lab requires setup by the instructor to create various connectivity problems, mainly by enabling and disabling services, disconnecting cables, or using the wrong type of cable (straight-through or crossover). The troubleshooting environment must contain a server with Web, FTP, Telnet, and DNS services installed. The DNS server must be able to resolve the names of the other servers to a common IP address.

The integrated router is both a DHCP client and server and must pass IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server information to the client. The internal address should be 192.168.1.x/24, and the external addresses can be determined by the instructor. The external router is configured as a DHCP server to give the integrated router client its IP configuration. The external server should have a static IP configuration. Students have access to the Host-A command line and integrated router GUI, but do not have access to the router or server CLI or GUI.

Problem Scenarios:

1)     Web server software disabled, but physical connectivity to server present.

2)     Web server software enabled and physical connectivity present, but DNS server has incorrect name/address resolution.

3)     FTP server software enabled but physical connection to server not present.

4)     FTP server software enabled and physical connection present, but local host not configured as DHCP client.

5)     Telnet server software enabled, but wrong cable type used to connect the server to the router.

6)     All server software enabled (Web, FTP, Telnet, and DNS) and connections present. Check TCP connections.

There are six scenarios. Work in teams of three, with each person taking the lead in two of the scenarios, and the other team members assisting. The following resources are required:

• Computer running Windows XP Professional with Web, FTP, and Telnet clients (CLI or GUI).
• Server running a combination of DNS, HTTP, FTP, and Telnet services (preconfigured). This server will simulate Internet connections and can be a server with these services actually installed and running or a server running the Discovery Live CD.
• Integrated router configured as a DHCP server and client (default configuration).
• Router with two Ethernet interfaces configured as a DHCP server to integrated router (preconfigured).
• Ethernet Cat-5 (minimum) straight and crossover cabling to connect hosts and network devices.

Step 1: Build the network and configure the hosts

1. Have your instructor set up a network topology similar to the one shown with the Host-A client computer, integrated router, server, and router preconfigured.
2. Work from Host-A to issue commands to troubleshoot problems introduced by the instructor.
3. All commands are issued from a command prompt window. Open a command prompt window by clicking Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. Keep the window open for the duration of the lab.

Step 2: Record the baseline IP address information for computers and integrated router

NOTE: Perform this step before the instructor introduces problems.

1. Host-A configuration—Issue the command that displays the IP address information for Host-A, including the DNS server, and record the information below. Which command did you use? __________________ ipconfig /all

IP address: ________________________________ May vary – 192.168.1.x

Subnet mask: ______________________________ 255.255.255.0

Default gateway IP address: __________________ May vary – 192.168.1.1

DNS server IP address: ______________________ Will vary – IP address of Server set by instructor

DHCP server IP address: _____________________ May vary – 192.168.1.1

How did Host-A obtain its IP address? ___________ DHCP from integrated router

1. Integrated router configuration—From Host-A, open a browser and go to the integrated router GUI by entering 192.168.1.1 as the URL address. Log in to the integrated router using the default user ID and password (check with your instructor if necessary). Check the internal and external IP address information and record it below.

Internal IP address: _________________________ Setup > Basic Setup – 192.168.1.1

Subnet mask: ______________________________ 255.255.255.0

Is the DHCP server enabled? __________________ Yes assigned by DHCP server of Router – Set by instructor

Subnet mask: ______________________________ Will vary – Assigned by DHCP server from

Router – Set by instructor

Default gateway IP address: __________________ Will vary – IP address of next hop interface on Router – Set by instructor

DNS server IP address: ______________________ Will vary – IP address of Server – Set by

instructor

1. Server configuration—Obtain the Server IP configuration from your instructor and record the information below.

IP address: ________________________________ Will vary – Static set by instructor

Subnet mask: ______________________________ Will vary – Static set by instructor

Default gateway IP address: __________________ Will vary – Static set by instructor – IP address of next hop interface on Router

Web Server 1 protocol and name: ________________________ (May vary – Live CD server name is http://server-1.discovery.ccna

Web Server 2 protocol and name: ________________________ (May vary – Live CD server name is http://server-1.discovery.ccna

FTP Server 1 protocol and name: ________________________ (May vary – Live CD server name is http://server-1.discovery.ccna

FTP Server 2 protocol and name: ________________________ (May vary – Live CD server name is          http://server-1.discovery.ccna

Step 3: Scenario 1—Diagnose Web server access

1. After your instructor sets up the problem for this scenario, use various utilities to diagnose the problem.
2. Open your browser and enter the name of the Web Server 1 from Step 2. What happened?…. Host-A is unable to reach the server website
3. Which commands did you use to diagnose the problem? ….Browse by name and IP fails; 2. Ping server by name succeeds
4. Report the problem or suspected problem to the instructor. What was the problem? Problem: Web server software was disabled. Network connectivity tested good. DNS is working. Must be problem with the HTTP server
5. What did you do to correct the problem, if anything? Nothing student can do but report suspected problem to instructor to start HTTP server
6. You may need to contact the instructor to correct the problem. When the problem is corrected, retest and verify access to the server.

Step 4: Scenario 2—Diagnose Web server access

1. After your instructor sets up the problem for this scenario, use various utilities to diagnose the problem.
2. Open your browser and enter the name of the Web Server 2 from Step 2. What happened? Host-A is unable to reach the server website
3. Which commands did you use to diagnose the problem? 1. Browse by name fails. 2. Browse by IP succeeds. 3. Ping by name fails. 4. Ping by IP succeeds. nslookup for http://server-2.discovery.ccna reveals that the server name is associated with the wrong IP address
4. Report the problem or suspected problem to the instructor. What was the problem? Web server software enabled and physical connectivity present, but DNS server has incorrect name/address resolution Browser can get to web server by IP but not by name. Network connectivity tested good. Suspected DNS server could be down, but nslookup discovered bad entry in DNS table
5. What did you do to correct the problem, if anything? Nothing student can do but report suspected problem to instructor, or student can browse to http://server-1.discovery.ccna, which resolves to the correct IP address. If DNS is running stale information, solution could be to wait for information to expire and then flush tables (not possible without admin access) or redirect client to another name server
6. You may need to contact the instructor to correct the problem. When the problem is corrected, retest and verify access to the server.

Step 5: Scenario 3—Diagnose FTP server access

1. After your instructor sets up the problem for scenario, use various utilities to diagnose the problem.
2. Use your FTP client (CLI or GUI) to connect to FTP Server 1 from Step 2. What happened? …… Host-A is unable to reach the FTP site
3. Which commands did you use to diagnose the problem? 1. FTP client to server by name fails. 2. FTP client by IP fails. 3. Ping to server by name or IP fails. 4. Ipconfig on Host-A shows correct IP info. Tracert to server fails at router connected to server.
4. Report the problem or suspected problem to the instructor. What was the problem? FTP server software enabled, but physical connection to server not present FTP and ping network connectivity testing failed. Host-A IP config is OK. Traceroute indicated problem at router connected to server. Visual inspection reveals cable to server NIC is disconnected
5. What did you do to correct the problem, if anything?  ……Connect cable to server NIC and retest to verify that this is the only problem
6. You may need to contact the instructor to correct the problem. When the problem is corrected, retest and verify access to the server.

Step 6: Scenario 4—Diagnose FTP server access

1. After your instructor sets up the problem for this scenario, use various utilities to diagnose the problem.
2. Use your FTP client (CLI or GUI) to connect to FTP Server 2 from Step 2. What happened? ….. Host-A is unable to reach the server FTP site
3. Which commands did you use to diagnose the problem? …. 1. FTP client to server by name fails. 2. FTP client by IP fails. 3. Ping to server by name or IP fails. 4. Ping to default gateway (integrated router internal address) fails. 5. Ipconfig on Host-A shows incorrect static IP info. 6. Tracert fails at integrated router
4. Report the problem or suspected problem to the instructor. What was the problem?…. Problem: FTP server software enabled and physical connection present, but local host has wrong static IP address and not configured as DHCP client FTP and ping to server testing failed. The ipconfig command indicated that Host-A had noncompatibl static address. Host-A should be a DHCP client
5. What did you do to correct the problem, if anything? Configure Host-A as DHCP client, and retest to verify that this is the only problem
6. You may need to contact the instructor to correct the problem. When the problem is corrected, retest and verify access to the server.

Step 7: Scenario 5—Diagnose Telnet server access problem

1. After your instructor sets up the problem for this scenario, use various utilities to diagnose the problem.
2. Use a Telnet client (CLI or GUI) to connect to the name of Server 1 identified in Step 2. What happened?…………………….. Host-A is unable to reach the Telnet server
3. Which commands did you use to diagnose the problem? ……………….1. Telnet client to server by name fails. 2. Telnet client to server by IP fails. 3. Ping to server by name or IP fails. 4. Ping to default gateway (integrated router internal address) succeeds. 5. Ipconfig on Host-A shows correct IP info. Tracert to server fails at router connected to server
4. Report the problem or suspected problem to the instructor. What was the problem? Problem: Telnet server software enabled, but the wrong cable type (straight-through) used to connect the server. Server NIC and router interface are both hosts and are considered to be like devices. Should be a crossover instead of a straight-through cable, because there is no switch or hub in between Telnet and ping to server testing failed. Host-A IP config is OK and Host-A can ping its default gateway. Traceroute indicated problem at router connected to server. Visual inspection reveals cable to server NIC is wrong type
5. What did you do to correct the problem, if anything? ……….. Replace the straight-through cable from server to router with a crossover cable and retest
6. You may need to contact the instructor to correct the problem. When the problem is corrected, retest and verify access to the server.

Step 8: Scenario 6—Analyze TCP connections to Host-A

1. Ask your instructor to verify that all problems introduced with the lab setup have been corrected. Using the appropriate clients, connect to the Web, FTP, and Telnet servers simultaneously from Host-A.
2. From the command line, issue a command to display the current active TCP connections to Host-A with names of the servers and protocols. Which command did you use? netstat
3. Which named connections did you see? HTTP, FTP, Telnet, and possibly others
4. From the command line, issue a command to display the current active TCP connections to Host-A with IP addresses and protocol port numbers. Which command did you use?  netstat -n
5. Which IP addresses and port numbers did you see? Should see the foreign IP address of the server and ports 80 (HTTP), 21 (FTP), 23 (Telnet), and possibly others.
6. From the command line, issue a command to display the current active TCP connections to Host-A, along with the program that created the connection. Which command did you use? ……netstat -b
7. Which program executable (filename with an .exe extension) is listed for each of the connections? ……….Executables for each client (GUI or CLI) used to initiate the connection: iexplore.exe, ws-ftp.exe, ftp.exe, telnet.exe, and so on.

Step 9: Reflection

1. When troubleshooting the problem scenarios during this lab, which troubleshooting technique did you use primarily (top-down, bottom-up, or divide and conquer)?……..Answers will vary – Mostly top-down
2. Which utility or command do you feel was the most useful for network troubleshooting? …..Answers will vary – probably ping